Terminology

Digisig brings together information from many different sources, including published seal catalogues, research datasets, and many other types of finding aids. These sources can use contrasting terms for the same concepts.

To ensure that differences in terminology do not affect searches on Digisig, the various sources have been aligned internally with Digisig's own terminology. Digisig is a work in progress and is subject to change.

General Terms

Seal

A symbolic object that comprises an identifiable symbol or an aggregation of symbols, such as images or characters, that form a single unit and are intended to be used as a tool of validation, authentication or closure, by means of printing or impressing.

Attachment

The means, such as cords or a slip of parchment, by which the support is linked to the thing that is supposed to receive the seal.

Reference

The string of characters assigned by a repository to an item that incorporates a seal.

Location

A spatial area with which a seal can be associated. The location is normally derived from the information in the item to which the seal is appended and refers to a point where the sigillant acted when using the seal. The location is normally the location that cataloguers at the repository that holds the item have assigned to the item.

Dataset

A set of seal impressions

Entry Identifier

The identifier of a seal description within a particular collection

Digisig URI

A unique set of characters that identifies a resource in the Digisig system

Motif Description

A description of the visual, as opposed to textual, content of a seal

Actor

An individual or corporate body

Shape

The shape that defines the border of the matrix, which might be simple or complex

Name

The name of the actor that a cataloguer of seal identifies with the seal

Seal Impression

A permanent mark that is left through the application of a seal matrix to an impression material.

Material

The type of impression material

Collection

A set of systematically arranged descriptions of seals. The collection may take any form, including printed book, card catalogue, hand list, or digital record.

Item

A thing that a repository considers to be complete in itself and to which it has assigned an identifier, such as a shelfmark or a call number. An item may consist of several pieces, but is treated as a unit.

Sigillant

The authority or person who is identified by the seal and in whose name seal impressions are created. The sigillant is to be distinguished from an official who holds custody of a seal, and the beneficiary, who possesses an impression of the seal.

Manifestation

A physical embodiment, either positive or negative, of a seal, in any material

Support Type

The category of thing that forms the support

Repository

A place where items are stored and maintained. More specifically, an organization that holds seals, including archives, libraries, museums, historical societies.

Series

A group of similar items that are stored in a particular repository, arranged according to a filing system, and that are related as the result of being created, received or used in the same activity.

Support Number

When an item includes multiple supports, the supports are enumerated.

Support

A material that holds the manifestation of the seal (positive or negative). A support is made from a material, can have an attachment, and form part of an item.

Identifier

A string of characters that uniquely identifies a thing within a particular context.

Position

The information needed to locate a manifestation as part of item. This information typically includes the number of the support and the side of the support (front or back).

Catalogue

A systematically arranged collection of descriptions of seals

Date

A moment in time

Face

The area that presents the seal. A bifaced seal can have two faces (an obverse and a reserve).

Description Identifier

The identifier for a particular seal description within a systematically arranged collection of seal descriptions

Seal Description

A description of a seal. The description will normally form part of a collection of systematically arranged descriptions and will include reference to a range of aspects of the seal, such as the size and shape

Class

A set of seals that share graphical content

Representation

A graphic that captures the appearance of a seal. The graphic may be in any media, including photography, and it may be static or dynamic, so includes computationally generated visualizations

Period

A span of time

Place

A location, which may be a point or area, where an event occurred

Classification

Digisig's classification system is hierarchical, with parent and child classes. The iconography reflects the taxonomic rigor of sigillographic studies.

Animal

Motif consisting of animate creatures, excluding humanoids

11899884 10001154 10123514

Device

Motif consisting of a decorative design element

10010964 10007294 10011044

Human

Motif consisting of a humanoid

11908834 11230884 11899894

Object

Motif consisting of discrete visual or material things produced by human endeavour that can be touched or seen

10007264 10000104 10012264

Shapes

A shape that is rounded at the top and pointed at the bottom
A shape that is bounded by two smooth curved lines of equal length that meet to create points; lens-shaped
A shape that is rectilinear and bounded by six equal sides
A shape bounded by a single curved line, which is everywhere equally distant from the central point
a shape that cannot be determined
a shape that is rectilinear and bounded by four equal sides at two acute and two obtuse angles
a shape that is shield-shaped
a shape that is rectilinear and bounded by three sides at acute angles, with the point at the top
a shape that is rectilinear and bounded by four equal sides at right angles to each other
a shape bounded by a smooth curve having no concave parts, longer along one axis and rounded at each end
a shape that consists of four lobes or leaves radiating at right angles to each other from a common centre
a shape that is rectilinear and bounded by three sides at acute angles, with the point at the bottom
A shape that is rounded at the bottom and pointed at the top
A shape that is rectilinear and bounded by four straight and four right angles, opposite sides being parallel and equal in length, but where the adjacent sides are unequal
A shape that is rectilinear and bounded by eight equal sides
A shape that does not conform to any of the standard forms
Where there is not enough information to determine the shape

Support

Pipe tamper

An instrument used to compress a substance into a smoking pipe

Offcut

An object that has been cut off.

Plaque

An inscribed tablet

Ring

Use specific type where known

Trial piece

Piece of work to test eventual pattern, sometimes small and used as a demonstration of crafter's skill.

Seal matrix

An instrument intended for creating seal impressions that bears a design that is engraved into the surface and in the inverse.

Mould

The instrument, which is the result of the moulding process, that enables the production of further casts.

Impression material

An object used for taking an impression from a seal matrix

Bulla

A metal disk on which has been impressed, normally on two faces, by a seal matrix.

Food preparation equipment

Includes equipment for the consumption of food

Fob

A fob can consist of a chain and or a rig

Finger ring

A circular band, usually metal, worn on the finger for ornamentation.

Intaglio

Semi precious stone or glass engraved with a design and used to make an impression on wax or clay

Cast

A reproduction of a seal impression fabricated through the use of a mould.